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08800
08800 Stem - Qal See 08851
Mood - Infinitive See 08812
Count - 4888
08801
08801 Stem - Qal See 08851
Mood - Participle See 08813
Count - 309
08802
08802 Stem - Qal See 08851
Mood - Participle Active See 08814
Count - 5386
08803
08803 Stem - Qal See 08851
Mood - Participle Passive See 08815
Count - 1415
08804
08804 Stem - Qal See 08851
Mood - Perfect See 08816
Count - 12562
08805
08805 Stem - Shaphel See 08852
Mood - Infinitive See 08812
Count - 2
08806
08806 Stem - Shaphel See 08852
Mood - Perfect See 08816
Count - 4
08807
08807 Stem - Tiphel See 08853
Mood - Imperfect See 08811
Count - 1
08808
08808 Stem - Tiphel See 08853
Mood - Participle See 08813
Count - 1
08809
08809 Stem - Tiphel See 08853
Mood - Perfect See 08816
Count - 1
08810
08810 Imperative
This verb class indicates an order or a command.
Go up to the city.
Wash yourself.
08811
08811 Imperfect
The imperfect expresses an action, process or condition which is
incomplete, and it has a wide range of meaning:
1a) It is used to describe a single (as opposed to a repeated) action
in the past; it differs from the perfect in being more vivid and
pictorial. The perfect expresses the "fact", the imperfect adds
colour and movement by suggesting the "process" preliminary to its
completion.
he put forth his hand to the door
it came to a halt
I began to hear
1b) A phrase such as "What seekest thou?", refers not only to the
present, but assumes that the search has continued for some time.
Why do you weep?
Why refuse to eat?
Why are you distressed?
These relate not so much as to one occasion, as to a
continued condition.
2) The kind of progression or imperfection and unfinished condition
of the action may consist in its frequent repetition.
2a) In the present:
it is "said" today
a wise son "maketh glad" his father
2b) In the past:
"and so he did" - regularly, year by year
a mist "used to go up"
the fish which "we used to eat"
the manna "came down" - regularly
he "spoke" - repeatedly
3) The imperfect is used to express the "future", referring not only
to an action which is about to be accomplished but one which has
not yet begun:
3a) This may be a future from the point of view of the real
present; as:
Now "shalt thou see what I will do"
"We will burn" thy house
3b) It may be a future from any other point of view assumed; as:
he took his son that "was to reign"
she stayed to see what "should be done"
4) The usage of 3b may be taken as the transitive to a common use of
the imperfect in which it serves for an expression of those shades
of relation among acts and thoughts for which English prefers the
conditional moods. Such actions are strictly "future" in reference
to the assumed point of relation, and the simple imperfect
sufficiently expresses them; e.g.
of every tree thou "mayest eat"
"could we know"
he "would" say
5a) The imperfect follows particles expressing "transition",
"purpose", "result" and so forth as, "in order that", "lest"; e.g.
say thou art my sister, "that it may be well with thee"
let us deal wisely with the nation, "lest it multiplies"
5b) When however there is a strong feeling of "purpose", or when it
is meant to be strongly marked, then of course the moods are
employed; e.g.
raise me up "that I may requite them"
who will entice Ahab "that he may go up"
what shall we do "that the sea may be calm"
The moods are also employed to express that class of
future actions which we express in the "optative"
"may I die"
"may" the LORD "establish" his word
"may" the child "live"
08812
08812 Infinitive
There are two forms of the infinitive:
1a) Infinitive Construct is used as a verbal noun corresponding
to the English verbal noun ending in "-ing"
1a1) as subject
to keep the judgments
to seek thy heart
1a2) as object
in his "writing"
he spoke, "saying"
1b) The Infinitive Absolute does not allow prefixes or suffixes
1b1) Used with a verb to emphasize the verbal idea. This is often
rendered by an English adverb, such as, "surely", "utterly".
he will surely visit you
he utterly destroyed the people
1b2) It may be used by itself with the value of a finite form of
the verb, especially an imperative.
remember the sabbath day
08813
08813 Participle
1) The participle represents an action or condition in its unbroken
continuity, and corresponds to the English verb, "to be" with the
present participle. It may be used of present, past or future time.
1a) present time
what are you doing
1b) past time
"he was still speaking" when another came
1c) future time
we are destroying - e.g. are about to destroy
08814
08814 Participle Active
Active form of the participle. See 08813 for description of
participle.
08815
08815 Participle Passive
Passive form of the participle. See 08813 for description of participle.
08816
08816 Perfect
The Perfect expresses a completed action.
1) In reference to time, such an action may be:
1a) one just completed from the standpoint of the present
"I have come" to tell you the news
1b) one completed in the more or less distant past
in the beginning God "created"
"I was (once) young" and "I have (now) grown old" but
"I have not seen" a righteous man forsaken
1c) one already completed from the point of view of another
past act
God saw everything that "he had made"
1d) one completed from the point of view of another action
yet future
I will draw for thy camels also until "they have done"
drinking
2) The perfect is often used where the present is employed in
English.
2a) in the case of general truths or actions of frequent
occurrence -- truths or actions which have been often
experienced or observed
the grass "withereth"
the sparrow "findeth" a house
2b) an action or attitude of the past may be continued into
the present
"I stretch out" my hands to thee
"thou never forsakest" those who seek thee
2c) the perfect of intransitive verbs is used where English
uses the present; The perfect in Hebrew in such a case
emphasises a condition which has come into "complete
existence" and realisation
"I know" thou wilt be king
"I hate" all workers of iniquity
2d) Sometimes in Hebrew, future events are conceived so
vividly and so realistically that they are regarded as
having virtually taken place and are described by the
perfect.
2d1) in promises, threats and language of contracts
the field "give I" thee
and if not, "I will take it"
2d2) prophetic language
my people "is gone into captivity"
(i.e. shall assuredly go)
08817
08817 Aphel
In Biblical Aramaic (Chaldean), the Aphel is a causative conjugation
like the Hebrew Hiphil, but with the letter Aleph substituted for the
initial He. Other changes in spelling also occur, but otherwise the
verb functions similarly to the Hebrew Hiphil, expressing
causative action.
See Hiphil 08818
08818
08818 Hiphil
a) Hiphil usually expresses the "causative" action of Qal - see 08851
Qal Hiphil
he ate he caused to eat, he fed
he came he caused to come, he brought
he reigned he made king, he crowned
b) Hiphil is often used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.
Noun or Adjective Hiphil
ear to listen (lend an ear)
far to remove oneself, put far away
c) Some "simple" verbs are found in Hiphil.
to cast, to destroy, to get up early, to explain, to tell
The form accounts for 13.3% of the verbs parsed.
08819
08819 Hithpael
a) This form primarily expresses a "reflexive" action of Qal or Piel
See for Qal 08851
See for Piel 08840
Qal Hithpael
he wore he dressed himself
he washed he washed himself
he fell he flung himself, he fell upon, he attacked
he sold he sold himself, he devoted himself
b) It expresses a reciprocal action.
they saw they looked upon one another
they whispered they whispered one to another
c) Some verbs in Hithpael are translated as a simple action. The
reflexive action os understood.
he prayed, he mourned, he became angry
This form accounts for 1.4% of the verbs parsed.
08820
08820 Hithpalel
This Hebrew form is equivalent in use to the Hithpael, and is
causative/reflexive in meaning. The separate term occurs because
certain verb forms reduplicate their final consonant and change into
a quadriliteral (4-letter) root rather than the normal triliteral
(3-letter) root form.
See Hithpael 08819
08821
08821 Hithpalpel
This Hebrew form is equivalent in use to the Hithpael, and is
causative/reflexive in meaning. The separate term occurs because
certain verb forms reduplicate their final syllable (final two root
letters) and change the normal triliteral (3-letter) root form
into a reduplicated two-letter root.
See Hithpael 08819
08822
08822 Hithpeil
In Biblical Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is a passive causative/
reflexive conjugation like the Hebrew Hophal. The verb functions
similarly to the Hebrew Hophal, expressing passive causative
action, but with the effect of the action upon oneself, being
reflexive.
See Hophal 08825
See Hithpael 08819
08823
08823 Hithpoel
A Hebrew intensive reflexive stem, caused by the lengthening of the
final vowel in the second syllable of the triliteral (3-letter) root.
This form functions similarly to the Hithpael.
See Hithpael 08819
08824
08824 Hithpolel
This Hebrew form is equivalent in use to the Hithpael, and is
causative/reflexive in meaning. The separate term occurs because
certain verb forms reduplicate their final consonant and change into
a quadriliteral (4-letter) root rather than the normal triliteral
(3-letter) root form. This form additionally lengthens the initial
vowel in the first consonant.
See Hithpael 08819
08825
08825 Hophal
Hophal is the "passive" of Hiphil - see 08818
Hiphil Hophal
he told it was told
he threw he was thrown
This form is accounts for 0.6% of the verbs parsed.
08826
08826 Hothpael
This is a passive form of the Hithpael, indicating a passive
intensive reflexive receiving of action upon the subject. It thus
combines the features of both the Hithpael and the Hophal.
See Hithpael 08819
See Hophal 08825
08827
08827 Ishtaphel
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is similar to the Hebrew Hithpael,
with its form altered due to an initial Aleph and a metathesized
(reversed) Tau and Shin. This form occurs only rarely with verbs
meeting particular spelling qualities.
See Hithpael 08819
08828
08828 Ithpael
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is similar to the Hebrew Hithpael,
with its form altered due to an initial Aleph. This form reflects the
intensive causative, and occurs only rarely with verbs meeting
particular spelling qualities.
See Hithpael 08819
08829
08829 Ithpeal
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is similar to the Hebrew Hithpael,
with its form altered due to an initial Aleph. However, this form
reflects only the intensive reflexive of the common stem (Peal =
Hebrew Qal). This form occurs only rarely with verbs meeting
particular spelling qualities.
See Hithpael 08819
See Qal 08851
08830
08830 Ithpeel
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is similar to the Hebrew Hithpael,
with its form altered due to an initial Aleph. However, this form
reflects only the reflexive of the intensive stem, and functions like
a Hebrew Piel and Hithpael combined.
See Hithpael 08819
See Piel 08840
08831
08831 Ithpeil
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form is similar to the Hebrew Hithpael,
with its form altered due to an initial Aleph. However, this form
reflects only the passive intensive reflexive, and functions like the
Hithpael and Hophal combined.
See Hithpael 08819
See Hophal 08825
08832
08832 Ithpolel
This Aramaic (Chaldean) form is equivalent in use to the Hebrew
Hithpolel, and is causative/reflexive in meaning like the Hithpael.
The separate term occurs because certain verb forms reduplicate their
final consonant and change into a quadriliteral (4-letter) root
rather than the normal triliteral (3-letter) root form. This form
additionally lengthens the initial vowel in the first consonant.
See Hithpael 08819
See Hithpolel 08824
08833
08833 Niphal
a) Niphal is the "passive" of Qal - see 08851
Qal Niphal
he saw he was seen, he appeared
he saw the angel the angel was seen
he sent he was sent
he created it was created
b) Niphal sometimes expresses a "reflexive" action.
he guarded he was guarded, also
he guarded himself
c) Several verbs use Niphal, although they express simple action
and are active in English. Common examples are:
he fought, he remained, he swore, he entered
This form accounts for 6.0% of the verbs parsed.
08834
08834 Nithpael
This form is a passive intensive reflexive, combining both the
qualities of the Niphal and Hithpael. Example: Eze. 23:48, "that
they may be taught" (= caused to learn).
See Niphal 08833
See Hithpael 08819
08835
08835 Pael
In Aramaic (Chaldean), the intensive form of the verb, equivalent of
the Hebrew Piel.
See Piel 08840
08836
08836 Palpal
A form of a triliteral verb such as "palal" which reduplicates the
first syllable for euphony. This form otherwise functions like the
normal Qal stem.
See Qal 08851
08837
08837 Peal
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this form represents the base stem of the
verb, and is equivalent to the Hebrew Qal stem.
See Qal 08851
08838
08838 Peel Or Peil
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this stem reflects the Passive Intensive form,
and is equivalent to the Hebrew Pual.
See Pual 08849
08839
08839 Peil
In Aramaic (Chaldean), this stem reflects the Intensive form, and is
equivalent to the Hebrew Piel.
See Piel 08840
08840
08840 Piel
a) Piel usually expresses an "intensive" or "intentional" action.
Qal Piel
he broke he broke to pieces, he smashed
he sent he sent away, he expelled
b) Sometimes the Piel introduces a new meaning to the Qal form.
he counted he recounted, he told
he completed he paid, he compensated
he learned he taught
c) Piel expresses a "repeated" or "extended" action.
he jumped he skipped, he hopped
d) Some intransitive verbs in Qal become transitive in Piel.
to be strong to strengthen, to fortify
to become great to make great
08841
08841 Pilel
This form is equivalent to the Piel intensive form, and occurs due
to reduplication of the final root letter.
See Piel 08840
08842
08842 Pilpel
This form is equivalent to the Piel intensive form, and occurs due
to reduplication of the final root syllable.
See Piel 08840
08843
08843 Poal
This form is the passive of the Poel, and functions much like the
normal Pual.
See Pual 08849
See Poel 08845
08844
08844 Poalal
This form is identical to the Poal, but reduplicates the final root
syllable. It functions much like the normal Pual.
See Poal 08843
See Pual 08849
08845
08845 Poel
This form functions much like the normal Piel, and arises only due to
certain internal vowel changes.
See Piel 08840
08846
08846 Polal
This form is identical to the Poal, but reduplicates the final root
letter. It functions much like the normal Pual.
See Poal 08843
See Pual 08849
08847
08847 Polel
This form reduplicates the final root letter, but functions like the
normal Piel.
See Piel 08840
08848
08848 Polpal
This form reduplicates the initial root syllable, and functions like
the normal Pual.
See Pual 08849
08849
08849 Pual
Pual is the "passive" of Piel - see 08840
Piel Pual
he smashed it was smashed
he told it was told
This form accounts for 0.7% of the verbs parsed.